It is
interesting to note how preceding artistic styles
inspire and made way for one another and how
these, in turn lead to Impressionism. While the
movements cannot be confined to an exact
chronological timetable, they do give some clues
as to the artistic background in which
Impressionism began.
This movement was widely found throughout
Europe in the post-renaissance period and is
largely considered one of the most influential
forerunner of Impressionism. Since the eighteenth
century, English artists had demonstrated an zeal towards painting the
landscape. Particular condition that were
constantly changing nature of the landscape made
way for a more impressionistic approach to the
painting. J.M.W.Turner's Rain, Steam & Speed - The
Great Western Railway of 1844 provides a good idea
of how this English division undoubtedly affected
ensuing French artists.
In 1855,
Paris World Fair, a sequel to the London's Crystal
Palace four years previously. A distinguishing
feature of this second fair was its focus on art.
This served, in some large part, to highlight
Paris as the centre of the art world. If new
innovative ideas were to be expressed, this was
the place for painters to come. Among those
attracted by the World Fair in Paris were the
group of young painters, soon to be earmark the
Impressionists.
The
Académie Suisse, founded and run by the painter
Charles Suisse, provided a cheap and productive
venue in which aspiring painters could exchange
new and progressive ideas. It was here that
Pissarro, Monet, Guillaumin and Cézanne first came
to know each other. Despite the obvious advantages
of free models, which were provided, the Académie
Suisse was appealing for a number of reasons. The
most important of which was that it provided a
place to air new and controversial attitudes in
painting. Those that would otherwise never have
been exposed in an art world community, which was
committed to a traditional style and open only to
the most, limited
modifications.
This
community was represented and controlled by three
bodies; the Salon, the Académie and the École des
Beaux Arts. Typically, all had their set ways and
codes. Only certain candidates qualified for
positions in particular offices, etc. The art
world of Paris at the time is fairly described as
being an incestuous society in which similarly
educated officials came together and regulated
what would otherwise have been a far more diverse
collection of "accepted" art. The Salon had become
an annual exhibition at which members of the
Académie, often professors at the École, judged
entries. It was the inflexible nature of these
judges that prompted the new style of painters to
exhibit their works in the studio of the Nadar the
Paris based photographer. This exhibition held in
1874, included Monet's famous Impression: Sunrise,
which is generally thought to have prompted the
naming of the entire technique of lose painting,
impressionism was born and here to stay